Thermomechanical Characterization of Massakory Clay Reinforced by Seyal Gum Arabic for Sustainable Building Applications

Abdallah Ban-Nah Mahamat; Batran Sidick Adam; Al-Hafiz Abdoulaye Affadine; Abdallah Dadi Mahamat; Mahamat Barka; Salif Gaye

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijmsa.20251403.13

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Thermomechanical Characterization of Massakory Clay Reinforced by Seyal Gum Arabic for Sustainable Building Applications

Abdallah Ban-Nah Mahamat^*

, Batran Sidick Adam

, Al-Hafiz Abdoulaye Affadine

, Abdallah Dadi Mahamat

, Mahamat Barka

, Salif Gaye

Published in International Journal of Materials Science and Applications (Volume 14, Issue 3)

Received: 13 May 2025 Accepted: 28 May 2025 Published: 23 June 2025

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Abstract

This study focuses on determining the thermomechanical properties of clay extracted from the Kangartoulo brickyard site in Massakory, reinforced with seyal gum arabic for sustainable development construction applications. Raw earth has been used and is used in the construction field for its abundance and low environmental impact. The experimental results of thermal tests show that a decrease in thermal conductivity and thermal effusivity is observed for a gum arabic content below 4%, followed by a slight increase beyond this threshold and also by varying the compaction pressure from 3 to 6 MPa. Regarding mechanical properties, the simple compressive strength almost tripled with the addition of gum arabic from 0 to 8%, it increased from 3.2 to 9.4 MPa for compaction pressures ranging from 3 to 6 MPa. The three-point bending strength has also been improved, increasing from 0.78 to 2.10 MPa for the same binder contents. The numerical simulation carried out with the RETScreen software made it possible to estimate an energy gain of 29% for the optimal formulation retained compared to cementitious materials.

Published in	International Journal of Materials Science and Applications (Volume 14, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijmsa.20251403.13
Page(s)	72-78
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2025. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Clay, Seyal Gum Arabic, Thermomechanical Characterization, Compaction Pressure, Numerical Simulation

References

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[2]	Ouedraogo, K. A. J. (2019). Stabilization of sustainable and ecological construction materials based on raw earth using organic and/or mineral binders with low environmental impacts, Paul Sabatier-Toulouse III University.
[3]	Charai, M. (2021). Design and characterization of new bio-sourced eco-materials for sustainable building construction, Paris-Est University; Mohammed Premier University Oujda (Morocco).
[4]	Boeny V. & Rakotomalala J. (2015) Synthesis of the stabilization of Raw Earth Elements for the Construction of Buildings. 33rd Meetings of the AUGC, ISABTP/UPPA, 1-9.
[5]	Taallah, B. (2014). Study of the physico-mechanical behavior of compressed earth blocks with fibers. Mohamed Khider University, Biskra.
[6]	Abdallah Ban-Nah Mahamat, Abdallah Dadi Mahamat, Mahamat Barka, et al., (2023). Identification Study and Mechanical Characterization Clay Stabilized by Gum Arabic Seyal. International Journal and Advanced Research 11(5): 1-9.
[7]	DIATTA, M. T. (2016). Clay raw materials from Senegal: characteristics and applications to mass-produced ceramic products. University of Limoges; Assane Seck University (Ziguinchor, Senegal).
[8]	Jozja, N. (2003). Study of Albanian clay materials. Multi-scale characterization of a magnesium bentonite. University of Orléans.
[9]	Seybou, D. E., et al., (2016) Gum arabic: A source of income for vulnerable rural households. International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies, 18(2): p. 358.
[10]	Bozabe RK, Toukourou CA, Gbaguidi GA. (2013). Study of the physico-mechanical characteristics of micro-concrete tiles manufactured locally from gum arabic. Africa Science: International Journal of Science and Technology 9: 1-15.
[11]	Miraucourt, D. (2017). Stabilization of raw earth material for application in compressed earth bricks in Burkina Faso.
[12]	NASSAR, S. (2024). Design and characterization of compressed earth blocks based on dredged sediments. Academic Journal of Civil Engineering, 42, 960-969.
[13]	Boffoue MO, Kouadio KC, Kouakou CH, et al., (2015). Influence of cement content on the thermomechanical properties of compressed and stabilized clay blocks. Africa Science: International Journal of Science and Technology 11: 35–43.
[14]	Tanguier JL, Ali A, Mahamat AD, et al., (2021). Experimental determination of the thermal conductivity of new compressed clay formulations stabilized with gum arabic, measurement and impact on summer comfort. Journal of Materials Science Research and Reviews 7: 1–14.

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APA Style

Mahamat, A. B., Adam, B. S., Affadine, A. A., Mahamat, A. D., Barka, M., et al. (2025). Thermomechanical Characterization of Massakory Clay Reinforced by Seyal Gum Arabic for Sustainable Building Applications. International Journal of Materials Science and Applications, 14(3), 72-78. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20251403.13

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ACS Style

Mahamat, A. B.; Adam, B. S.; Affadine, A. A.; Mahamat, A. D.; Barka, M., et al. Thermomechanical Characterization of Massakory Clay Reinforced by Seyal Gum Arabic for Sustainable Building Applications. Int. J. Mater. Sci. Appl. 2025, 14(3), 72-78. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20251403.13

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AMA Style

Mahamat AB, Adam BS, Affadine AA, Mahamat AD, Barka M, et al. Thermomechanical Characterization of Massakory Clay Reinforced by Seyal Gum Arabic for Sustainable Building Applications. Int J Mater Sci Appl. 2025;14(3):72-78. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20251403.13

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@article{10.11648/j.ijmsa.20251403.13,
  author = {Abdallah Ban-Nah Mahamat and Batran Sidick Adam and Al-Hafiz Abdoulaye Affadine and Abdallah Dadi Mahamat and Mahamat Barka and Salif Gaye},
  title = {Thermomechanical Characterization of Massakory Clay Reinforced by Seyal Gum Arabic for Sustainable Building Applications
},
  journal = {International Journal of Materials Science and Applications},
  volume = {14},
  number = {3},
  pages = {72-78},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijmsa.20251403.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20251403.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijmsa.20251403.13},
  abstract = {This study focuses on determining the thermomechanical properties of clay extracted from the Kangartoulo brickyard site in Massakory, reinforced with seyal gum arabic for sustainable development construction applications. Raw earth has been used and is used in the construction field for its abundance and low environmental impact. The experimental results of thermal tests show that a decrease in thermal conductivity and thermal effusivity is observed for a gum arabic content below 4%, followed by a slight increase beyond this threshold and also by varying the compaction pressure from 3 to 6 MPa. Regarding mechanical properties, the simple compressive strength almost tripled with the addition of gum arabic from 0 to 8%, it increased from 3.2 to 9.4 MPa for compaction pressures ranging from 3 to 6 MPa. The three-point bending strength has also been improved, increasing from 0.78 to 2.10 MPa for the same binder contents. The numerical simulation carried out with the RETScreen software made it possible to estimate an energy gain of 29% for the optimal formulation retained compared to cementitious materials.
},
 year = {2025}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Thermomechanical Characterization of Massakory Clay Reinforced by Seyal Gum Arabic for Sustainable Building Applications

AU  - Abdallah Ban-Nah Mahamat
AU  - Batran Sidick Adam
AU  - Al-Hafiz Abdoulaye Affadine
AU  - Abdallah Dadi Mahamat
AU  - Mahamat Barka
AU  - Salif Gaye
Y1  - 2025/06/23
PY  - 2025
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20251403.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20251403.13
T2  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
JF  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
JO  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
SP  - 72
EP  - 78
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2327-2643
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20251403.13
AB  - This study focuses on determining the thermomechanical properties of clay extracted from the Kangartoulo brickyard site in Massakory, reinforced with seyal gum arabic for sustainable development construction applications. Raw earth has been used and is used in the construction field for its abundance and low environmental impact. The experimental results of thermal tests show that a decrease in thermal conductivity and thermal effusivity is observed for a gum arabic content below 4%, followed by a slight increase beyond this threshold and also by varying the compaction pressure from 3 to 6 MPa. Regarding mechanical properties, the simple compressive strength almost tripled with the addition of gum arabic from 0 to 8%, it increased from 3.2 to 9.4 MPa for compaction pressures ranging from 3 to 6 MPa. The three-point bending strength has also been improved, increasing from 0.78 to 2.10 MPa for the same binder contents. The numerical simulation carried out with the RETScreen software made it possible to estimate an energy gain of 29% for the optimal formulation retained compared to cementitious materials.

VL  - 14
IS  - 3
ER  -

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Author Information

Abdallah Ban-Nah Mahamat

Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Higher Institute of Science and Technology of Abeche, Abeche, Chad

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0009-0000-9513-4500
Batran Sidick Adam

Faculty of Exact and Applied Sciences, University of N’Djamena, N’Djamena, Chad

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0009-0008-6772-9484
Al-Hafiz Abdoulaye Affadine

Faculty of Exact and Applied Sciences, University of N’Djamena, N’Djamena, Chad

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0009-0007-2271-9330
Abdallah Dadi Mahamat

Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Higher Institute of Science and Technology of Abeche, Abeche, Chad

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0009-0004-2174-7709
Mahamat Barka

Faculty of Exact and Applied Sciences, University of N’Djamena, N’Djamena, Chad

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0009-0006-4074-6765
Salif Gaye

Department of Civil Engineering, Iba Der Thiam University of Thies, Thies, Senegal

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0009-0000-6398-2054

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Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Mahamat, A. B., Adam, B. S., Affadine, A. A., Mahamat, A. D., Barka, M., et al. (2025). Thermomechanical Characterization of Massakory Clay Reinforced by Seyal Gum Arabic for Sustainable Building Applications. International Journal of Materials Science and Applications, 14(3), 72-78. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20251403.13

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ACS Style

Mahamat, A. B.; Adam, B. S.; Affadine, A. A.; Mahamat, A. D.; Barka, M., et al. Thermomechanical Characterization of Massakory Clay Reinforced by Seyal Gum Arabic for Sustainable Building Applications. Int. J. Mater. Sci. Appl. 2025, 14(3), 72-78. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20251403.13

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AMA Style

Mahamat AB, Adam BS, Affadine AA, Mahamat AD, Barka M, et al. Thermomechanical Characterization of Massakory Clay Reinforced by Seyal Gum Arabic for Sustainable Building Applications. Int J Mater Sci Appl. 2025;14(3):72-78. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20251403.13

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijmsa.20251403.13,
  author = {Abdallah Ban-Nah Mahamat and Batran Sidick Adam and Al-Hafiz Abdoulaye Affadine and Abdallah Dadi Mahamat and Mahamat Barka and Salif Gaye},
  title = {Thermomechanical Characterization of Massakory Clay Reinforced by Seyal Gum Arabic for Sustainable Building Applications
},
  journal = {International Journal of Materials Science and Applications},
  volume = {14},
  number = {3},
  pages = {72-78},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijmsa.20251403.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20251403.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijmsa.20251403.13},
  abstract = {This study focuses on determining the thermomechanical properties of clay extracted from the Kangartoulo brickyard site in Massakory, reinforced with seyal gum arabic for sustainable development construction applications. Raw earth has been used and is used in the construction field for its abundance and low environmental impact. The experimental results of thermal tests show that a decrease in thermal conductivity and thermal effusivity is observed for a gum arabic content below 4%, followed by a slight increase beyond this threshold and also by varying the compaction pressure from 3 to 6 MPa. Regarding mechanical properties, the simple compressive strength almost tripled with the addition of gum arabic from 0 to 8%, it increased from 3.2 to 9.4 MPa for compaction pressures ranging from 3 to 6 MPa. The three-point bending strength has also been improved, increasing from 0.78 to 2.10 MPa for the same binder contents. The numerical simulation carried out with the RETScreen software made it possible to estimate an energy gain of 29% for the optimal formulation retained compared to cementitious materials.
},
 year = {2025}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Thermomechanical Characterization of Massakory Clay Reinforced by Seyal Gum Arabic for Sustainable Building Applications

AU  - Abdallah Ban-Nah Mahamat
AU  - Batran Sidick Adam
AU  - Al-Hafiz Abdoulaye Affadine
AU  - Abdallah Dadi Mahamat
AU  - Mahamat Barka
AU  - Salif Gaye
Y1  - 2025/06/23
PY  - 2025
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20251403.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20251403.13
T2  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
JF  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
JO  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
SP  - 72
EP  - 78
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2327-2643
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20251403.13
AB  - This study focuses on determining the thermomechanical properties of clay extracted from the Kangartoulo brickyard site in Massakory, reinforced with seyal gum arabic for sustainable development construction applications. Raw earth has been used and is used in the construction field for its abundance and low environmental impact. The experimental results of thermal tests show that a decrease in thermal conductivity and thermal effusivity is observed for a gum arabic content below 4%, followed by a slight increase beyond this threshold and also by varying the compaction pressure from 3 to 6 MPa. Regarding mechanical properties, the simple compressive strength almost tripled with the addition of gum arabic from 0 to 8%, it increased from 3.2 to 9.4 MPa for compaction pressures ranging from 3 to 6 MPa. The three-point bending strength has also been improved, increasing from 0.78 to 2.10 MPa for the same binder contents. The numerical simulation carried out with the RETScreen software made it possible to estimate an energy gain of 29% for the optimal formulation retained compared to cementitious materials.

VL  - 14
IS  - 3
ER  -

Copy | Download